Article

Name: Names of Hymenoptera insects in the Altai linguistic culture

Authors: N. R. Oynotkinova

Gorno-Altaisk State University, Gorno-Altaisk, Russian Federation

In the section Лексикология

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the phonetic and lexical features of Hymenoptera insect names within the Altai language. Lexical data from dictionaries, fiction, folklore, and Altai language texts, including dialectal variations, were analyzed using comparative and structural-morphological methods, as well as component and motivational analysis techniques. The analysis revealed the following results. Lexical structures were categorized as either synthetic (single-component) or analytic (dual-component). Phonetic and lexical alterations among identified lexeme variants proved to be insignificant. A prevalent formation method involved the analytical derivation from common Turkic lexemes, namely a:ryg and kumyrska, as well as the ancient Turkic lexeme čӧmäli. The lexeme adaru in the literary Altai language also goes back to the common Turkic lexeme a:ryg. The dialect variants of the lexeme in the auslaut position reveal transitions from the frontal sound y to the rounded u, as well as a reduction in duration. Two lexemes with phonetic variations were identified in the Altai literary language and its dialects: chymaly and kymyskaiak (Alt.), kymyskaiak (Teleng.), shuvali, chivali, sary chivali; kara chivali; kantutu chivali, komyrska/komurska (Tub.); chubalgy, shubalga (Kum.); shyvalgy/shvalgy, kara shyvalgy, sary shyvalgy, tyazy shyvalgy (Chalk.). A foundational set of semantic features for the nominations was identified, including “habitat” (jer aru), “color” (sary adaru, kara chymaly), “ability to produce an action and a product” (mӧttӱ adaru, chagaan aru), “form” (üzükpel), and “age and sex characteristics” (ene adaru). It is noteworthy that within the Altai linguistic and cultural context, Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants) are recognized for their environmental benefits.

Keywords: Altai language, lexical-semantic group, entomological vocabulary, insectonym, hymenoptera insects

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