Article

Name: EAST SIBERIAN LITERARY COLLECTIONS OF THE 1930S AS A REFLECTION OF “MONUMENTAL REALISM”: THE PUBLISHING ASPECT

Authors: E. A. Makarova

Tomsk State University

In the section Russian Literature of Siberia: Plots, Motives, Biographies

Abstract: The paper is devoted to the East Siberian literary collections of the 1930s viewed as a reflection of “monumental realism”. The author focuses on the tragic “cut” of culture, when literature reaches its extreme rigid forms, which allows calling socialist realism a method of monumental realism. V. Papernyy’s synthetic view of Russian culture from his book Culture Two is used to determine the specificity of the material. Siberian collections are analyzed not only in the historical and literary, but also in the socio-cultural context. The author identifies their common typology, which makes it possible to trace the tendency to the preponderance of prose, increased publicism, ideologisation, and official doctrine reflection, correlating with the notion of “social” or “literary order.” The most representative among the East Siberian collections are those from Irkutsk, part of I. Molchanov-Sibirsky’s book projects created jointly with the Moscow OGIZ Publishing House; A. N. Gubanov’s collection’s, demonstrating a higher level of editorial and printing design as well as local lore literary collections compiled by A. Gurevich, Head of the folklore section of the Society for the Study of the East Siberian Territory. The 1930s were a time of rapid growth and development of Buryat literature, mainly in the form of almanacs. The book projects edited by B. Skorikov, N. Zandanov, S. Shirabon, I. Lyubimov, S. Metelitsa demonstrate the main tendencies of the emerging national literature. However, the “great Stalinist terror” brings about a period of long stagnation. Many works of fiction and poetry from the Far East were still devoted to the events of revolution and the Civil War in Siberia and the Far East. In Khabarovsk, they publish collections of prose and journalism with an explicit defense theme, thus directly manifesting the specificity of the Stalinist doctrine. The most typical among them are the collections edited by A. Sokovikov, I. Shatsky (Goldin), M. Alekseev, F. Shabanov. Thus, the general review of the East Siberian collections has demonstrated that the almanac still plays a significant role during the epoch of monumental realism in the Siberian literary process, codifying, as Yu. B. Balashova says, “an absolute non-literary norm” and revealing new bright names.

Keywords: east siberian collection, almanac, literary order, culture two

Bibliography:

Balashova Yu. B. Evolyutsiya i poetika rossiyskogo literaturnogo al'manakha kak tipa izdaniya [Evolution and poetics of the Russian literary almanac as a type of publication]. Abstract of Philol. Cand. Diss. St. Petersburg, 2011, 38 p. (in Russ.)

Ber N. S., Kushnereva E. A. Sibirskie pisateli za 30 let (Bibliograficheskiy ukazatel') [Siberian writers over 30 years (Bibliog-raphy)]. Irkutsk, Irk. obl. izd-vo, 1949, 187 p. (in Russ.)

Desyat' let. Literaturno-khudozhestvennyy al'manakh, posvyashch. 10-letnemu yubileyu slavnoy Buryat-Mongol'skoy natsional'noy krasnoznamennoy kavchasti [Ten years. Literary and artistic almanac, dedicated to the 10-year anniversary of the glorious Buryat-Mongolian national Red Banner cavalry]. Eds. I. Lyubimov, S. Metelitsa. Ulan-Ude, Buryat-Mong. gos. izd-vo, 1934, 67 p. (in Russ.)

Dobrenko E. A. Formovka sovetskogo chitatelya. Sotsial'nye i esteticheskie predposylki retseptsii sovetskoy literatury [Forming the So-viet reader. Social and aesthetic preconditions for the reception of Soviet literature]. St. Petersburg, Akademicheskiy proekt, 1997, 321 p. (in Russ.)

Dobrenko E. A. Oboronnaya literatura i sotsrealizm: LOKAF [De-fense literature and Socialist Realism: LOCAF]. Sotsrealisticheskiy kanon [Socialist Realist Canon]. Eds. Kh. Gyunter, E. Dobrenko. St. Petersburg, Akademicheskiy proekt, 2000, p. 225–241. (in Russ.)

Gurevich A. Pesni i ustnye rasskazy rabochikh staroy Sibiri [Songs and stories of workers of old Siberia]. Irkutsk, Irkutskoe oblastnoe izdatel'stvo (OGIZ), 1940, 130 p. (in Russ.)

“…I na Tikhom okeane svoy zakonchili pokhod”. Literaturno-khudozhestvennyy sbornik k 10-oy godovshchine osvobozhdeniya DVK. 5 let bor'by protiv interventov i belogvardeytsev za Sovetskiy Dal'niy Vostok (1917–1922) [“... And in the Pacific did they finish their campaign”. Literary and artis-tic collection to the 10th anniversary of the liberation of the Far East. 5 years of struggle against interventionists and White Guards for the Soviet Far East (1917–1922)]. Moscow, Khabarovsk, Dal'giz, 1932, 156 p. (in Russ.)

Khvoynyy veter. Stikhi [Coniferous wind. Poems]. Irkutsk, Vost. sib. krayizdat, 1935, 186 p. (in Russ.)

Kirichenko S. V. Buryatskaya khudozhestvennaya intelligentsiya i vlast': vzaimodeystvie i konfrontatsiya (1920–1930-e gg.) [Buryat Artistic Intelligence and Power: Interaction and Confrontation (1920–1930)]. Izvestiya IrGU. Seriya “Istoriya” [Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. History], 2016, no. 15, p. 88–100. (in Russ.)

Komsomol'skoe plemya: Rasskazy, ocherki i stikhi o komsomole [Komsomol tribe: Stories, essays and poems about the Komsomol]. Ir-kutsk, Moscow, OGIZ, 1933, 77 p. (in Russ.)

Mentsel Birgit. Sovetskaya lirika stalinskoy epokhi: motivy, zhanry, napravleniya [Soviet lyric poetry of the Stalin era: motives, genres, direc-tions]. Sotsrealisticheskiy kanon [Socialist Realist Canon]. Eds. Kh. Gyunter, E. Dobrenko. St. Petersburg, Akademicheskiy proekt, 2000, p. 953–968. (in Russ.)

Molodost'. Literaturno-khudozhestvennyy al'manakh molodykh pisateley Vostochnoy Sibiri [Youth. Literary and artistic almanac of young writers of Eastern Siberia]. Irkutsk, Vostsibkrayizdat, 1936, 162 p. (in Russ.)

Na rubezhe. Dal'nevostochnyy literaturno-khudozhestvennyy i obshchestvenno-politicheskiy al'manakh [On the edge. Far Eastern liter-ary, artistic and socio-political almanac]. Eds. P. Komarov et al. Moscow, Khabarovsk, Dal'nevost. kraevoe izd-vo, 1933, 121 p. (in Russ.)

Papernyy Vl. Kul'tura Dva [Culture Two]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2007, 408 p. (in Russ.)

Pereplav. Literaturno-khudozhestvennyy al'manakh [Remelting. Literary and artistic almanac]. Moscow, Irkutsk, OGIZ, 1933, 106 p. (in Russ.)

Poety Buryat-Mongolii. Stikhi [Poets of Buryat-Mongolia. Poems]. Ed. by S. Shirabon. Ulan-Ude, Burgosizdat, 1935, 93 p. (in Russ.)

Pribaykalie. Stikhi [The Baikal region. Poems]. Irkutsk, Vostochnosibirskoe kraevoe izdatel'-stvo, 1936. 156 p. (in Russ.)

Razbeg. Stikhi [Takeoff. Poems]. Khabarovsk, Dal'giz, 1937, 69 p. (in Russ.)

Rodina. Sbornik rasskazov molodykh avtorov [Homeland. Collection of stories of young authors]. Moscow, Irkutsk, OGIZ, 1935, 169 p. (in Russ.)

Splav. Literaturnyy sbornik: V Den' pyatiletiya gazety “Metallist” [Al-loy. Literary collection: On the fifth anniversary of the newspaper “Metalist”]. Irkutsk, Metallist, 1935, 70 p. (in Russ.)

Stikhi i legendy o Baykale [Poems and legends about Lake Baikal]. Ed. by G. Kungurov. Irkutsk, Irkut. obl. izd., 1938, 88 p. (in Russ.)

Stozh M. E. Kak vospet Baykal v stikhakh i v proze [Baikal in poetry and prose]. Irkutsk, Irisy, 1900, pt. 1, 132 p. (in Russ.)

Stremitel'nye gody. Literaturno-khudozhestvennyy al'manakh [Rapid years. Literary and artistic almanac]. Eds. Is. Goldberg, I. Molchanov-Sibirsky. Moscow, Irkutsk, OGIZ, 1932, 84 p. (in Russ.)

Sverstniki. Stikhi irkutskikh poetov [Peers. Poems of Irkutsk poets]. Irkutsk, 1930, 62 p. (Irkutskaya assotsiatsiya proletarskikh pisateley [Ir-kutsk Association of Proletarian Writers]). (in Russ.)

Trevoga. Literaturnyy sbornik LOKAF OKDVO i pogranichnykh voysk DVK [Anxiety. A literary collection of LOKAF OKDVO and frontier troops of the Far East]. Ed. by A. Sokovikov. Khabarovsk, Dal'giz, 1932, book 1, 61 p. (in Russ.)

V dozore. Stikhi dal'nevostochnykh poetov [On patrol. Verses of Far Eastern poets]. Eds. V. Afanasiev et al. Khabarovsk, Dal'giz, 1936, 158 p. (in Russ.)

Vesna respubliki [Spring of the Republic]. Ed. by N. I. Zandanov. Book 2. Ulan-Ude, Buryat-Mong. gos. izd-vo, 1935, 201 p. (in Russ.)

Vesna respubliki [Spring of the Republic]. The Union of Soviet Writers of the Buryat-Mongolian Republic. Verkhne-Udinsk, 1934, 156 p. (in Russ.)

Zalambani M. La morte del romanzo: Dall' avanguardia al realismo socialista. Carocci, Roma, 2003, 224 p. (Russ. ed.: Zalambani M. Literatura fakta. Ot avangarda k sotsrealizmu [Literature of fact. From avant-garde to socialist realism]. Transl. from Italian by N. V. Kolesova. St. Petersburg, Akademicheskiy proekt, 2006, 224 p.)

12 dekabrya. Sbornik stikhov, posvyashchennykh Dnyu vyborov v Verkhovnyy Sovet SSSR [12 December. Collection of poems dedicated to the Day of Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR]. Moscow, Irkutsk, OGIZ, 1937, 43 p. (in Russ.)