Article

Name: On the question of analytical constructions and synthetic forms in the Tuvan language

Authors: Shamina L. A.

Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

In the section Linguistics

Abstract:

Verbal analytical constructions are a significant part of the Tuvan verb morphology and largely determine the specifics of the language, being highly productive and implemented at the lexical and syntactic levels. They are actively used as a word-forming tool. In a simple sentence, analytics functions at the level of sentence members, with an analytical predicate most actively used, expressing the phase and aspectual characteristics of an action. Analytical construction also is significant in bipredicative constructions that are mostly built by means of analytical bonds, unions, particles. Analytic construction is a combination of the main (full-valued) and one or more auxiliary (service) words. In the Tuvan language, analytical forms of the predicate with a chain of particles are widely used not only in folklore texts, fairy tales, and stories, characterizing the individual style of the narrator, but also in modern novels. The common trend is an increasing frequency of analytical constructions in fiction and jour-nalism compared with folklore sources. Unlike analytical constructions, synthetic forms are characterized by the inextricable connection of the basis with the formants representing the grammatical category. Both analytical constructions and synthetic forms are distinguished at different levels of the language. The synthetism is found at the syntactic level if a sentence member is expressed in one word form without service or semi-service words. The main dif-ference between syntactic analytical construction and free syntactic combination is its semantic indecomposability. Due to linguistic dynamics, the ratio of analytic and synthetic units in linguistic subsystems never remains stable.

Keywords: Tuvan language, analytical construction, synthetic form, analytical form, analytical union, aspec-tual, phase

Bibliography:

Apresyan Yu. D. Deyksis v leksike i grammatike i naivnaya model’ mira (1986) [Deixis in vocabulary and grammar and the naive model of the world (1986)]. In: Apresyan Yu. D. Izbr. tr. [Selected works]. Moscow, LRC, 1995, vol. 2: Integral’noe opisanie yazyka i sistemnaya leksikografiya [Integral description of the language and systemic lexicography Yusch]. pp. 629¬–650.

Arutyunova N. D. O kriterii vydeleniya analiticheskikh form [On criteria for distin-guishing analytical forms]. In: Analiticheskie konstruktsii v yazykakh razlichnykh tipov [Analytical constructions in languages of various types]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1965, pp. 89–93.

Cheremisina M. I. Osnovnye tipy analiticheskikh konstruktsiy skazuemogo v tyurkskikh yazykakh Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Basic types of analytical predicate constructions in the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia]. In: Yazyki korennykh narodov Sibiri: Sb. nauch. tr. [Languages of indigenous peoples of Siberia: Coll. of sci. works]. Novosibirsk, 1995, iss. 2, pp. 3–23.

Gak V. G. Analitizm [Analytism]. In: Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar [Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, Sov. entsiklopediya, 1990a, p. 31.

Gak V. G. Sintetizm [Synthetism]. In: Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’ [Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, Sov. entsiklopediya, 1990b, p. 451.

Gukhman M. M. Glagol’nye analiticheskie konstruktsii kak osobyy tip sochetaniy chastichnogo i polnogo slova [Verbal analytical constructions as a special type of combinations of partial and full words]. In: Voprosy grammaticheskogo stroya [Questions of grammatical structure]. Moscow, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1955, pp. 322–361.

Iskhakov F. G. Pal’mbakh A. A. Grammatika sovremennogo tuvinskogo yazyka. Fonetika i morfologiya [The grammar of the modern Tuvan language. Phonetics and morphology]. Moscow, Vost. lit., 1961, 470 p.

Khrakovskiy V. S. Analiticheskaya konstruktsiya, analiticheskaya slovoforma, analiticheskoe slovo [Analytical construction, analytical word form, analytical word]. In: Analiticheskie konstruktsii v yazykakh razlichnykh tipov [Analytical constructions in languages of various types]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1965, pp. 209–221.

Khrakovskiy V. S. Russkiy yazyk v zerkale tipologii: Novatsii v imperativnoy paradigm [Russian language in the mirror of typology: Innovations in the imperative para-digm]. Russian Language and Linguistic Theory. 2002, no. 2 (4), pp. 91–101.

Mongush D. A. Formy proshedshego vremeni iz”yavitel’nogo nakloneniya v tuvinskom yazyke [Forms of the past tense of the indicative mood in the Tuvan language]. Kyzyl, Tuv. kn. Izd., 1963, 167 p.

Sat Sh. Ch. Tuvinskiy yazyk (kratkiy ocherk) [Tuvinian language (brief sketch)]. In: Tuvinsko-russkiy slovar’ [Tuvinian-Russian dictionary]. Moscow, Gos. izd. inostr. i nats. slovarey, 1955, pp. 615–722.

Sunik O. P. O ponyatiyakh “analiticheskaya forma slova” i “analiticheskiy stroy yazyka” [On the concepts of “analytical form of a word” and “analytical structure of a language”]. In: Analiticheskie konstruktsii v yazykakh razlichnykh tipov [Analytical constructions in languages of various types]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1965, pp. 70–79.

Tybykova A. T. Sostavnye glagoly tipa “imya + glagol” s real’nym znacheniem v altayskom yazyke [Compound verbs of the type “name + verb” with a real meaning in the Altai language]. In: Voprosy altayskogo yazykoznaniya [Questions of Altai linguis-tics]. Gorno–Altaysk, 1976, pp. 71–89.

Tyuntesheva E. V., Shagdurova O. Yu. Analiticheskie glagoly i glagol’nye frazeologicheskie sochetaniya v altayskom i khakasskom yazykakh (v sravnenii s drugimi yazykami). Critique and Semiotics. 2019, no. 2, pp. 345–360. DOI 10.25205/2307-1737-2019-2-345-360

Shamina L. A. Analiticheskie grammaticheskie formy i konstruktsii v funktsii skazuemogo v tuvinskom yazyke [Analytical grammatical forms and constructions in the function of a predicate in the Tuvan language]. Novosibirsk, Lyubava, 2010, 240 p.

Shamina L. A., Ondar Ch. S. Glagol’nye analiticheskie konstruktsii s pervym prichastnym komponentom v tuvinskom yazyke [Verbal analytical constructions with the first participial component in the Tuvan language]. Novosibirsk, 2003, 263 p.

Yartseva V. N. Ob analiticheskikh formakh slova [On analytical forms of the word]. In: Morfologicheskaya struktura slova v yazykakh razlichnykh tipov [Morphological structure of the word in languages of various types]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1963, pp. 42–58.

Yuldashev A. A. Analiticheskie formy glagola v tyurkskikh yazykakh [Analytical verb forms in the Turkic languages]. Moscow, Nauka, 1965, 275 p.

Yuldashev A. A. K kharakteristike sluzhebnykh imen v bashkirskom yazyke [To the characteristic of service names in the Bashkir language]. In: Voprosy bashkirskogo yazykoznaniya: Sb. nauch. st. [Questions of Bashkir linguistics: Coll. of sci. art.]. Ufa, 1972, pp. 39–51.

Zhirmunskiy V. M. Ob analiticheskikh konstruktsiyakh [On analytical construc-tions]. In: Analiticheskie konstruktsii v yazykakh razlichnykh tipov [Analytical constructions in languages of various types]. Moscow, Leningrad, 1965, pp. 9–45.