Article

Name: Motivational and genetic characteristics of the lexical-semantic field «Harm» in the Russian literary language

Authors: L. P. Dronova, Yanchun Liu

Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

In the section Linguistics

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the study of motivational and genetic characteristics of the lexicalsemantic field «Harm» representing a negative utilitarian evaluation in the Russian literary language. In this work, an attempt is made to study the motivational characteristics of the lexicalsemantic field «Harm» in the Russian literary language. In the lexical-semantic field «Harm», some lexemes are derived and have a transparent inner form with clear motivational features. These are synonyms to the core of the field – harm, they name some aspects of the concept of «harm» that structure the concept (uscherb, uron «damage», ubytok «loss», iz’yan «flaw», naklad «burden», nezdoroviy «unhealthy», sglaz, porcha «evil eye», shkoda, pakost’ «nasty thing»). Among the synonyms for the word harm, there are the borrowings from other languages – shkoda / shkodit’ «nasty thing / to behave badly» and iz’yan «flaw». The central lexeme of the field harm, as well as the semantically equivalent porcha, portit’ «damage, destroy», or its vernacular variants pakost’, pakostit’ «nasty thing / do nasty things», apparently do not have a clearly identified motivational feature because of the historical depth of the formation. We applied the historical-etymological analysis to these lexemes and identified their motivational genetic characteristics. The result was that for the majority of the units of the field, a clear motivational relationship was established. However, for the units in the center of the field, we have not determined unequivocally the motivational feature due to the historical depth of their formation, the complexity of their development (vred / vered) and the destruction of the derivational etymological nests (portit’ «spoil», pakost’ «nasty thing»). The conceptual structure of negative utilitarian evaluation was formed as a result of historical interaction between the concepts of «destructive (adverse for health)», «unusable (spoiled, done out of spite, contrary)», and «defective (reduced / increased, wasted)».

Keywords: russian language, historical lexicology, motivational and genetic characterization, motivational model

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