Article

Name: Intonational Phenomena of the Bear-Feast of Mansi

Authors: G. E. Soldatova

In the section Этномузыковедение

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of musical and music-related phenomena of the Bear-Feast of Mansi (Voguls), one of the Ob-Ugric peoples of Siberia. The author describes the musical events that occur during this ceremony, as well as those music-related moments when artists utter shouts, exclamations, change their voice, imitate the voices of animals and birds, use the sounds of noise instruments as signals or symbols. The sources of research are the publications of ethnographers (A. Kannisto, V. Chernetsov, S. Popova, etc.), as well as the field materials collected during several expeditions to the north of the Western Siberia with the participation of the author in the late 1980s and early 2000s. Intonation phenomena of the Bear-Feast is a kind of panorama of vocal and instrumental genres of ritual musical folklore of Mansi: mythical epic songs uj eryg (including the final yalpyŋ eryg), awakening songs holi eryg, invocative songs kastyŋ eryg, songs of dramatic performance tulyglap eryg, personal instrumental tunes of spirits for invoking and representing the deities at the festival, dance instrumental tunes (including puppet theater). Besides the musical phenomena in the exact sense, the Bear-Feast from the beginning to the end with the special forms of intonation is sounded. For this purpose, folk actors use their voices or phonoinstruments. Such phenomena in-clude exclamations that announce the delivery of a bear; exclamations accompanying male military dance; cries imitat-ing the voices of birds (crow, owl), insects; changing in timbre of their own voice and falsetto intonating (in dramatic scenes); symbolic imitation of clapping of the crane\s beak; knocking on a log before the entrance of actors depicting the spirit; staff knocking during the singing of songs and scenes; the ringing of the bell, marking the end of the song; the tinkling of bells and jingles while dancing the dance of the spirit-patrons in the most sacred moments of the festival. Thus, music (vocal and instrumental) creates the foundation for the transmission of ritual texts and for the show of mythological persona to the participants of the festival. The music-related phenomena which imbue the ritual complex are associated with additional forms of vocal and in-strumental intonating. They create not only the sound background of the rite, their role is to mark the important syntac-tic and semantic moments of the Bear-Feast.

Keywords: Mansi (Voguls), rituals, Bear-Feast, Ob-Ugrian folklore, Mansi folk music, ritual music, ethnomusicology, intonational culture

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