Article

Name: Functional-cemantic typology and syntagmatic of shamanic texts of Altaians

Authors: N.R. Oynotkinova

In the section Обрядовый фольклор

Abstract: The paper discusses the issue of functional-semantic typology and syntagmatics of 3 shamanic texts, which, accord-ing to the classification of A.V. Anokhin, are devoted to mountain spirits (Jer-suu) and deities of the lower world. The typology of shamanic texts and ceremonies is carried out taking into account the type of the addressee, the function of rites, as well as plot and syntagmatic organization of these texts. The considered shamanic texts have an isomorphic and symmetrical structure: their composition is built according to a single principle. Despite the fact that these poetic works belong to the same tradition, they are characterized by variability. From the point of view of poetics, the analyzed texts are presented in the united religious-mythological system of Altai shamanism, its pantheon and poetic language. The syntagmatic structure of these mysteries contains both general and particular elements. The main elements of the syntagmatic chain of this type of rites include actions: 1) invoking deities and spirits - patrons of the shaman; 2) a sacrifice to the spirits and asking for grace or health to the customers of the rite; 3) blessing and treat of the spirit of home fire and spirits-patrons. From the semantic point of view, the addressees of the first two rites are the luminous deities of the upper world and the spirits of the middle world. The conceptual semantics of the first two texts of the rites is associated with asking for grace for families who were customers of the rites. In both mysteries, the shamans address to the deities of the upper world and the spirits of the middle world. In the third text of the rite, in the rite of treating the patient, the sacrificial animal was intended for the deity of the lower world. In the ritual of treating a patient by the shaman Shagai, there is an element not characteristic of the first type of rite. In order to find out about the cause of the disease, the shaman used a branch with ribbons called chabyt. So a shaman without a tambourine, waving this fan, urged his fellow spirits to learn through them about the cause of the illness of the person who asked for help and how to help him. A feature of the mysteries dedicated to the deities and spirits of middle and upper worlds is the frequent use of the lexeme jargy with the lexical meanings "judgment, verdict", "grace, light," which reflects the conceptual meaning of its appeal to the deity of the upper world and the masters of the middle world. In the shamanic consciousness of the Al-taians, the grace obtained from deities and spirits is also the highest spiritual value; this is achieved by observing the condition of moral and ethical rules of life, the absence of bad karma in a person. In general, it should be noted that from the point of view of poetic organization, the analyzed texts are presented in the united conceptual and mythologi-cal system of Altai shamanism, its pantheon, and poetic language.

Keywords: Altai, shamanism, shamanic text, semantics, syntagmatics, text pragmatics, typology of shamanic texts

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