Article

Name: On Tuvan Particles Derived from the Verb de= ‘to say’, ‘to speak’

Authors: A. V. Bayyr-ool

In the section Грамматика

Abstract: In many Turkic languages, function words are frequently derived from various functional forms of the speech verb de= ‘to say’, ‘to speak’, The adverbial participle form of the verb de= serves as the function element marking direct speech on the all-Turkic level (Tuvan dep, Khakas tip, Turkish diye). In the Tuvan language, this verb stem is used to form various function words serving as markers of syntactic relations. Many Tuvan function words used as particles are also derived from the verb de=. In our research, we focus on Tuvan particles derived from the verb de= ‘to say’, ‘to speak’. Some examples of such par-ticles: intensifying particle dep; dižik // diyik denoting presupposition or speculation; emphasizing particles дээрге and de-den // dedaan // denaan, rhetorical particles deer and deer siler // deer sen; evidential particles divedive and divežikpe; inter-rogative particle deppe // dep be. In our article, we offer a description of these words, their structures, meanings, and nuanc-es of their usage. We attempt to create a complete description of their semantics and their communicative and pragmatic functions.

Keywords: function word, particle, simple particle, compound particles, verbal forms, semantics

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