Article

Name: Folklore plot and its historical background: preservation of ideas about the historical figure in the people\s memory

Authors: Yu. V. Limorenko

In the section Историческая память в фольклоре

Abstract: The article considers the historical legends of Altaians, Tuvinians and Khakass connected by common characters. Prototypes of these characters are historical figures - participants in the political life of the last period of the existence of the Dzungar Khanate in the first half of the XVIII century. The central heroes of the legends of the three ethnic groups, which have historical prototypes, are Shunu (Shono) and Amyr-Sanaa (Amursana). It is shown that historical events are transformed in the memory of the ethnos according to the laws of folklore tradition, drawing closer to the plots of folk epics. In the first section of the article, the genealogical links of the characters of the legends are analyzed. The personages receive genealogy appropriate to genealogy of epic heroes, so that the plots of the legends are associated with the destiny of the khan\s family. Of particular interest is the inclusion of Amyr-Sanaa in the khan genealogy, although his historical prototype Amursana was not a relative of the Dzungarian khans, although he was connected to their political interests. The genealogy of the characters in the legends gravitates towards the scheme "father and his two (three) sons", the relations between them develop in many respects according to the epic principles: the brothers defend the country against foreign invaders and are at war with each other. Other typically family conflicts are the punishment of the son by the father (placing him in the pit) and the enmity of the uncle with his nephew for the khan\s throne. In the second section of the article, another sign of the folklorization of historical memories is considered: the penetration of international epic and fairy-tale motifs into legends such as the "hero in the pit / cellar" (known in the Russian epics), "the struggle of the uncle and nephew" (a popular plot of Buryat heroic epics), "difficult tasks" (the motif is present mainly in legendary tales). The nature of the difficult tasks solved by the heroes of the legends is closer to the tasks in tales than to the epic ones: they need not heroic qualities, but intelligence and savvy to solve them. Among the list of difficult tasks, the motif "pulling the hero\s bow" (a typically epic motif) is singled out. All this testifies to a rethinking of historical events and personalities in the people\s memory according to the laws of folklore tradition.

Keywords: historical legends, historical memory, epic, genealogy, folklore motifs, motif "difficult tasks", motif "hero in the pit / cellar", motif "pulling the heroic bow"

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